The Bhagavata Purana (7.5.23-24) teaches nine primary forms of devotion
(1) śravaṇam ("listening" to the scriptural stories ),
(2) kīrtanam ("praising," usually refers to ecstatic group singing),
(3) smaraṇam ("remembering" or fixing the mind on Viṣṇu),
(4) pāda-sevanam (rendering service),
(5) arcanam (worshiping an image),
(6) vandanam (paying homage),
(7) dāsyam (servitude),
(8) sākhyam (friendship), and
(9) ātma-nivedanam(complete surrender of the self).
Ravi
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Posted by: Ravi Narasimhan <ravi.narasimhan.in@gmail.com>
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