At the end of the life of an artist, won the '24 title of academician, selling her drawings to collapse.Copyright copy "Rooks" went on three rubles apiece. 
185 years ago May 24 in a poor family of a son of a merchant.He wanted to become an artist, but his father was against it for educational purposes, and locked him in the attic.But the son got his way and became a landscape painter.Then he took to drink and died before he could create a masterpiece - the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived."His name - Aleksey Savrasov.
Unknown Savrasov
At the name of Savrasov all remember the textbook "The Rooks Have Arrived", the most enlightened - two more - three landscapes: "Elk Island in Sokolniki", "Country Road", "Rainbow" and rashozhie stamps - an artist of one painting, took to drink and died in poverty, royal reality ruined a lot of talent.But it really is true?
The father of the future artist - Kondraty Sovrasov (the surname was written in the XIX century) - was a wealthy man, a merchant.Woolen products traded near Red Square.Acquired its house, I have acquired a little capital.Addiction son opposed to drawing, considered it frivolous.Alex all day redraw gouache pictures of thick illustrated magazines.And once I took them to Ilinka, which traded splints, old books and prints, and to his surprise, one of the vendors sold - six rubles per dozen drawings.At age 14, the boy enters the school of painting, which was located on Butcher Street.Even money on training - about two rubles a month - he could no longer make himself. 
The school Savrasov met people that have shaped his life - and the professional and personal.It was his teacher, the famous painter Karl Ivanovich Rabus and classmates Constantine Hertz, a friend and a relative of the future.A two-storey house for Hertz in Arkhangelsk lane, filled with antique furniture and paintings seem Alexei luxurious palace.A well-educated and educated sisters Hertz - Sophia Ernestina and Adelaide (the family had Swedish roots) - beings from another, subtle and sublime world.The eldest, Sophie, was particularly gracious and helpful ...
A favorite of teachers, Savrasov graduated from college at age 20, but due to it does not break.Engaged in classes, exhibits his paintings and sketches - the types of neighborhoods in Moscow, the work brought from two trips to the Ukraine.In magazines appear positive reviews.In 1854, "Moskvityanin" Savrasova call "the first among the landscape."In the same year the school was visited by the emperor's sister, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, a lover of the arts.Of the seven, bought it at an exhibition of paintings - two savrasovskie.The artist Savrasov gave orders to arrive in St. Petersburg, the dacha of the great princess in order to write a few species.
Grand Duchess's favor - is not luck!Surprised and admired the old man's son Savrasov.Alex hit the road.More than a month he spent in the country in Sergievka on a deserted shore of the Gulf of Finland.I wandered around the neighborhood with the album, drawing.Maria Nikolaevna honored with a visit only once.Looked drawings praised.Asked about plans for the future.
Staying in St. Petersburg, asking for protection, of the Academy - the cherished dream of all artists?Proximity to the court may internship in Italy.Well, sir?Savrasov confused, hesitates to answer.Finally, he says he wants to return to Moscow.Sleek Princess shrugged - as you like. 
Written in Sergievka paintings were exhibited in the Academy of Fine Arts, and "Type in the vicinity of Oranienbaum" Savrasov - 24 years - received the title of academician of painting.Later painting acquired P.M.Tretyakov.Whatever it was, career was brilliant - youth recognition orders princes and collectors (though it's not his favorite kinds of nature in Central and spectacular romantic landscape with mountains, waterfalls and the sea in the spirit of the then popular Swiss Kalam) material security. 
It was then, and drew attention to the young academician Sophia Karlovna Hertz.She was thirty, she is four years older than Savrasov, teaching at the guest house at the Lutheran church.Alexei Kondratyevich shy maloobschitelen, many even seems harsh.And what Sophia still waiting for?In January of 1857 he dies Karl Ivanovich Rabus and Savrasov offered a teacher - to lead a class of landscape and perspective painting.Solid salary (500 rubles a year silver) rank - the titular counselor, over the years the length of service, awards, increased.In September, the wedding.Born two daughters (the first baby dies).Savrasov received in the courtyard of the school government apartment free, no need to even pay for heating. 
In 1862, Savrasov and sculptor Sergei Ivanov sent abroad.The funds were collected in selling tickets to the exhibition and school lottery.
Leaving the baby Faith year-old in the care of relatives, Savrasov with his wife and her sister Ernestina hit the road.First of all - in London, at the World's Fair.Savrasov whole days lost in the art department, ignoring the latest technology and comfort.Then - France, Switzerland, Germany.Museums, exhibitions, meet artists.The famous German Wilhelm Kaulbach, seeing the Swiss studies Savrasov, is delighted: "This is wonderful, it is something magnificent ... such treasures can return home."
We ambitious Sophia had every reason to be proud of her husband and expect further strong position in society, their home, governess, overseas voyages. And suddenly prosperity begins to crumble.Born children - two girls and a more long-awaited boy.Only one survives Eugene, Jenny.In August 1870 Savrasova deprive government flat - "little students".Family is practically on the street.It is necessary to hire, and even wood - not cheap.Offended Savrasov leaves with his family to the Volga in Yaroslavl.Living the winter there. 
Pregnant Sophia Karlovna colds and gives birth to a premature, the latter (it for 44 years) child.The girl is very weak and will not survive.Bury it on the high bank of the Volga.Savrasov makes the picture - open, the distance of the river, a small cross.After three years, he will now probably only directly related to personal experiences.A student Savrasova Isaac Levitan repeat this motif in the famous film "Eternal Rest".
There, on the Volga, Savrasov creates a canvas immortalized his name - "The Rooks Have Arrived."Shown in the first exhibition of the Wanderers (which belonged to the artist himself) soon became famous and was purchased by PM Tretyakov back in the studio for 600 rubles. 
In the second half of the 1870s, growing misunderstanding and loneliness Savrasova family.Sophia Karlovna constantly irritated because of the lack of money - she likes comfort, and daughters are growing up, we need money for training.There are negative reviews on the picture.
The artist starts drinking and gets into a vicious circle, loses some profitable lessons.Attempts were made to get out: fussing about the return of government flat (it has 15 students) - but were refused.Requests for permission to teach in the school of landscape painting in watercolor - again refused.Painful blows to the ego Academician Savrasov blows silently.But what about the woman, the wife in such a situation?Sophia Karlovna leaving children in St. Petersburg, and married to her wealthy sister Adele (Third Sister Ernestine remained a spinster) Undoubtedly, poduchivaet children to write letters to his father asking for money "in the shoes, and the life in the country."However, there was also an attempt to family reunification, but - bad.
Loneliness these years Savrasov brightened his students, many of whom became well-known artists.Konstantin Korovin, Levitan, 14-15-year romance were particularly close to him in spirit. Despite the great success of some paintings Savrasov in the 1870s, society was not ready to evaluate his talent.For the progressive intellectuals of his views were too unprincipled, he did not castigated, not denounced the vices that were in the spirit of the 60-70-ies of the XIX century.And Europeanized know it did not take. 
In 1882 for drunkenness and persistent absenteeism Savrasova dismissed from school.He receives a small monthly allowance of 25 rubles and odd jobs.
Among written in recent years and severe work encountered where the arm is visible to the master of the former (for example, "Nochka").However, for them it has already received dozens of times less than before, and enterprising traders resell his paintings with great advantage.He savrasov himself constantly drawn in the Art Lovers Society, the College, by Pavel Tretyakov with requests for financial assistance.He is assisted, but straighten mentally, he was not able to. 
He stopped drinking.After fifty years of trying to create a new family - with lower middle class woman Evdokia Morgunova.Children are born - a boy and a girl, Alex and Natasha.But it can not work, almost blind.The last three years, almost out of the house. One of the joys of the past - in 1894 in Kyiv on the fiftieth anniversary of his creative activity beyond a luxurious album with twenty lithographs of his drawings. September 26, 1897 Savrasov is dying in a hospital for the poor. 
And we, the audience, looking at the beautiful paintings and drawings Savrasov, feel coming from them a huge light energy.The artist was happy - in his work and is eternal - it.He left us a keen understanding of the beauty of nature, affirming the lyricism, the ability to express in a landscape very different shades of human experience (there is only despair, sadness, even he is the same, which brilliantly Alexander Pushkin said, "is light ...").
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