[www.keralites.net] The significance of Navaratri celebrations

 

Navratri is traditionally celebrated in honour of Devi, the Divine Mother. The Divine Mother is symbolic of energy, a manifestation of the Divine itself. Each day of Navratri we honour specific qualities of divinity with different homas and with different intentions. It is this energy, which helps God to proceed with the work of creation, preservation and destruction.  Shakti means strength, power and energy, the womb for all creation, expressed as the mother aspect of the Divine. Shakti is the seed for all dynamism, radiance, beauty, equanimity, peace and nourishment.

Shakti is the life-force.  There are five aspects of creation: Asti, is-ness; bhati, knowledge and expression; Preeti, love; nama, name and rupa, form. Matter has two aspects, name and form. Consciousness has three aspects, asti, bhati and preeti. Maya is ignorance or delusion, not being aware of the three aspects of consciousness and getting caught up in name and form. Different functional aspects of the divine energy, Shakti, have different names and forms. The "i" (ee) in Shakti is energy.

Without the "i", "Shiva" becomes "shava" which in Sanskrit means lifeless. There are seven centres of energy or Shakti in the body called chakras in Sanskrit.  In the Saktha system of worship, there is focus on all the energy centers.  The Sri Chakra is thought to represent the whole body with the Devi in different forms, residing in different chakras.  Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, has spoken in detail about the chakras. He says, "Different emotions are linked with each of these energy centres.

" The first chakra, muladhara, is located in the base of the spine. Here, the energy manifests as inertia or enthusiasm. The Devi residing in this chakra is five-faced representing the five sense organs. Musical instruments are also associated with these energy centres. Sound vibrations produced by bass drums are connected to this chakra.  The second chakra, swadhistana is the sex centre just four inches above the base of the spine. Here energy manifests as pro-creativity or creativity. Here, the Divine mother has four faces representing the four Vedas.

The third chakra, manipura, is the navel centre where energy manifests as four emotions: Generosity, joy, greed and jealousy (two positive and two negative emotions). Here, Devi has three faces representing srishti (creation), stith (maintenance) and laya (dissolution). Wind instruments like trumpets and clarinets are connected to this energy centre.  The fourth Chakra, anahata, is located in the chest region where energy manifests as three emotions- love, fear and hatred. Devi is represented with two faces, signifying inward and outward focus.

This energy centre is influenced by the sound vibrations of string instruments like the violin and harp. The fifth Chakra, vishuddhi, is located in the throat region where energy manifests as two emotions – gratitude and grief. In the vishuddhi chakra, Devi's form has a single face. She is beyond all duality. The melody of the flute connects with this chakra.  The sixth Chakra, ajna, is located between the eyebrows where energy manifests as anger and alertness. Here, Devi is six-faced, representing the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste) and the mind.

Cymbals, chimes and bells connect with this energy centre. The seventh chakra, sahasrara, is located on the top of the head where energy manifests as bliss. It is also called brahmarandhra. Devi is represented as a fully blossomed lotus of a thousand petals. All the qualities in creation belong to her and are blossomed to their complete potential. The conch is the musical instrument connected with this energy centre.

By Bhanumathi Narasimhan, Art of Living Foundation.

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[www.keralites.net] Should Lord Vishnu be woken up with Suprabhatham? A welcome debate in the Supreme Court

 

On Friday the apex court heard a debate on whether Sanskrit shlokas from the Venkatesa  Suprabhatham can be recited to wake up the supreme deity at the Padmanabhaswamy temple in Thiruvananthapuram.

A vast majority of Indian television viewers and others following news websites would have been astounded to learn that the learned judges of the Supreme Court spent over an hour on Friday listening to two lawyers spar on the question of whether the Sanskrit shlokas from the hymn, Venkatesa Suprabhatam, can be recited to wake up Lord Vishnu at the Padmanabhaswamy temple in Thiruvananthapuram.

This is the same temple whose secret chambers were directed by the court to be opened in June 2011, and where the authorities discovered a massive hoard of Roman coins, idols made of pure gold and studded with diamonds, emeralds and rubies, and tonnes of jewellery, together estimated in value at over Rs one lakh crore.

Rich possibilities

Interesting as that find was, the present news item presents equally rich possibilities to the imagination.  One can be certain that this news item will fill some in the Indian educated middle-class with outrage.

Those who are resolutely secular and similarly devout believers will, predictably, object that such matters of faith (recondite faith, one might say in this case) should never come under the jurisdiction of the courts.

The rationalists will be hyper-ventilating, fuming at the idiocy and superstition of the Hindus, mumbling that it is precisely these maddening events which explain why India continues to be a developing nation.

And one can be quite certain that there will be others in the Indian middle-class who will be amused and will simultaneously deplore the fact that the highest court of the land has to squander its valuable time on such frivolous matters.

It's not as if India is bereft of weighty problems, from the "cultural cleansing" that has been promised by the country's culture minister to the immense and catastrophic destruction of communities and landscapes as a consequence of climate change.

As colonial officials were fond of saying, the Hindu readily, indeed constitutionally, by the very nature of his being, falls into obscurantism.

The verses in question are not to be taken lightly:  they are an established part of the spiritual and ritual literature of Vaishnavas, and their popularity may be gauged from the fact that MS Subbulakshmi's rendering of the Sri Venkatesa Suprabhatam has more than three million views on one YouTube video alone – and there are many such videos, not to mention private recordings, telecasts and broadcasts.

Vishnu is being implored to wake up as the sun begins to rise:  the flowers are opening up their petals, the goddesses – Saraswati, Parvati, Indrani – stand with their hands folded in prayer, eager to cast an eye upon Lord Vishnu, and the great sages (maharishis) forge ahead in their attempt to get a glimpse of the Lord.

The dispute

Celestials and all living beings are equally desirous of obtaining the Lord's darshan.  Why the recital of the shlokas should give rise to dispute can only be understood if one is aware that the principal idol that is installed in the temple features Vishnu in the Anantha Sayanam pose, one of the nine postures in which the Lord is found in eternal yogic sleep on the serpent Adishesha.

As argued by advocate KK Venugopal, who represents the Royal family of Travancore, for whom Sri Padmanabhaswamy is the tutelary deity, Vishnu is in eternal yogic sleep and thus cannot, and must not, be woken up from his deep slumber. Venugopal further submitted that the recitation of the Suprabhatam at Tirumala, where Vishnu is installed in the form of Venkatachalapathy, is appropriate since here the idol is in a standing position.

Speaking as amicus curiae, Gopal Subramanium took the opposite stance. According to NDTV news, he "argued that Suprabhatam is being recited in the temple and since stanzas of the shlokas mention Lord Padmanabhaswamy, it must continue."

As the two-judge bench of the Supreme Court (wisely) noted, "How [the] Lord is awakened and by what song is a matter of faith.  We would not like to go into this.  Let the Chief Tantri (priest) decide."

The secularists will likely find some relief at this pronouncement, even if they are unhappy that the court's time should have been wasted when there are urgent problems calling for the court's attention.

The good news

But what, really, are the pressing issues that call for the court's attention, and how attentive has the country been in any case to the Supreme Court's rulings?

If one were inclined to take even a remotely sympathetic view of this matter, one might perhaps shrug one's shoulders and look upon the entire event as furnishing some comic relief from the daily digest of news in India that revolves around instigation to communal violence, politically inspired assassinations, the molestation of women, the denigration of Dalits, the intolerable levels of pollution, and the various shenanigans of those who have styled themselves the defenders of Hindus.

It's pleasant, indeed, to be reminded that Vishnu needs no alarm clock to wake up, and that where one is accustomed to hear of babies being serenaded to sleep, that the Lord is partial to opening his eyelids to the accompaniment of music and chants.

No, I daresay that one can go much further and suggest that something is perhaps right rather than wrong in the Republic of India if the highest court of the land must contend once in a while with what are apparently frivolities.

Whatever one may say of India, and of the putrid stench with which it is increasingly being filled – by a culture of consumption in the middle classes unhindered by any notion of the social good, by a culture of violence where rage is directed at those who do not conform to the present ruling elites' idea of "Hindu culture" and "Indian values", and by the rapid evisceration of social mores and the norms of civility which once set the parameters of social engagement – it is perhaps one of the country's redeeming features that not everything has yet been surrendered to the cult of efficiency and the tyranny of Taylorism.

There is still room for play in this culture; there is still the possibility that Time does not make slaves of everyone.  India has long been a land of storytelling and the Supreme Court's leisurely attentiveness to esoteric matters about Vishnu's sleep suggests that we have not yet lost our appetite for stories and parables.

Vishnu, at least, should be pleased that the secular socialist Republic of India still makes time to discuss what is pleasing to him and likely to stir him from sleep.

How else will we have another avatar to deliver us from the wicked, the stupid, and the ignorant?

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[www.keralites.net] China has had a telescope on the moon for the past two years

 

China has had a telescope on the moon for the past two years

Point a telescope at the moon, and you might just see one looking back. Chinese researchers have reported that their robotic telescope, the first of its kind, has been operating flawlessly ever since it landed on the moon in 2013.

The 15-centimetre telescope is mounted on the Chang'e 3 lander, which touched down on the lunar surface in December 2013. Chang'e 3 (pictured above) carried the Yutu rover, which repeatedly struggled to survive the lunar night and ceased working in March this year – but the lander is still going strong.

The telescope sees in ultraviolet light, making it particularly suited for observations that aren't possible here on Earth. "There is no atmosphere on the moon, so unlike Earth, the ultraviolet light from celestial objects can be detected on the moon," says Jing Wang of the National Astronomical Observatories in Beijing, China, who is in charge of the telescope. And since the moon rotates 27 times more slowly than the Earth, the scope can stay fixed on the same star for a dozen days without interruption, he says.

Snapping Earth

In a paper published this week, Wang and his colleagues detail the first 18 months of the telescope's operation, during which it has observed for 2000 hours and monitored 40 stars. The team also captured a picture of the Pinwheel galaxy, shown below.

Astronauts on the Apollo 16 mission had a manually operated UV telescope, which they used to take pictures of Earth, stars and the Large Magellanic Cloud. But the Chinese telescope is the first to be operated remotely from Earth.

That's a challenge, because the moon is a hostile environment, full of charged and abrasive lunar dust that can get into equipment and destroy electronics, as Yutu's troubles demonstrate. To counter this, the telescope is stowed within Chang'e 3 during sunrise and sunset on the moon, when dust is thought to be at its worst, and has survived much longer than its expected one year life. Wang says the scope is still working today, and the team are awaiting a decision to continue its mission past the end of this year.

Journal reference: http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.01435

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