Walter Chen
Ever go through a phase where you feel like every day is a Monday? You wake up, you hit snooze. Then you hit snooze again and you just don't feel it? Yes, I know that negative emotions can eat away at my productivity, creativity, decision-making skills. And yet, I have to admit that sometimes it's really difficult to reverse the course of a slump.
The unfortunate superpower of the negative is that it has a stronger impact than the positive. In fact, negative impact of setbacks in your work is three times as powerful in affecting motivation than positive progress. It's just easier to remember the bad stuff that's happened to you during the day than the good.
So why is it that our brains have a such a negativity bias? The reason is quite simple: They're actually wired to pay more attention to negative experiences. It's a self-protective characteristic. We're scanning for threats from when we used to be hunters and gatherers. But such vigilance for negative information can cause a narrowing, downward spiral and a negative feedback loop that doesn't reflect reality.
Fortunately, we aren't doomed by our natural disposition towards negativity. What's amazing is that we have the ability to break out of that negative feedback loop and we can actually rewire our brains to think positively. Understanding how the brain can refashion its own connections is the key to unlocking the durable power of positive thinking.
And that's exactly what this post is all about. Let's dive in.
The Tetris Effect: What it Tells Us About How We Learn New Things
Anyone who's ever played the classic game of Tetris will know this. Whether on a clunky computer or gameboy or the latest mobile device, we all know the game's surreal ability to spill into real life. After you shut off the game, you still see those Tetris blocks falling in your mind's eye. 
Robert Stickgold, Harvard professor of psychiatry, noticed something similar after a day hiking a mountain in Vermont. That night, he dreamt that he was still going through the motions of mountain hiking, clinging to rocks. Curious about this dream replay he tried something: Stickgold got a group of college students of varying skill levels to play Tetris and sleep in the Harvard sleep lab.
Over 60% of the study participants (including, surprisingly, those who suffered from amnesia) reported dreams of images of Tetris pieces falling, rotating, and fitting together. Interestingly, half the Tetris expert participants reported such Tetris dreams while 75% of the novices did. The mind was continuing to work on making sense of the game during sleep.
A more recent study from 2009 found that playing Tetris can grow your brain and make it more efficient. Adolescent girls played the game for an average of 1.5 hours a week over three months. The cerebral cortexâ€"or the gray matterâ€"of the girls grew thicker, while brain activity in other areas decreased compared to when they'd started. Richard Haier, who had previously found in a1992 study that there was a "Tetris learning effect" in which the brain consumed less energy as mastery of the game rose, concluded:
"We think the brain is learning which areas not to use... As you learn the game, it becomes more automatic."
Haier's 2009 study demonstrated how Tetris affected the brain's plasticity, or the brain's ability to change structurally, as the girls practiced and learned how to play the game. Neurons, or nerve cells, in your brain make connections, communicating through synapses. When you learn something, you change those neural connections. Every time you reactivate a circuit, synaptic efficiency increases, and connections become more durable and easier to reactivate. Stickgold's study and subsequent research that sleep plays a role in this memory process.
So to sum up, whenever you do specific tasks over and over again, they take up less of your brain power over time. And that's pretty amazing, as this will be the basis for a huge opportunity to change our behavior for the better:
So How Can We Combat Our Negativity Bias? The Positive Tetris Effect
Indeed, it's quite simple: We can harness the brain's plasticity by training our brain to make positive patterns more automatic. When we practice looking for and being more aware of positive aspects of life, we fight off the brain's natural tendency to scan for and spot the negatives. Naturally we bring ourselves into better balance.
Shawn Achor frames this rewiring as "The Positive Tetris Effect" in The Happiness Advantage, drawing from the way Tetris impresses our brain so that we end up parsing the world in terms of the game. According to Achor, with the positive Tetris Effect:
"We can retrain the brain to scan for the good things in life-to help us see more possibility, to feel more energy, and to succeed at higher levels."
Yes, so something as trivial as the game of Tetris can have a scientifically measurable effect on people's brains and invade their dreams. If that's the case, the impact of practicing and retaining a more positive thinking pattern, especially on our wellbeing and happiness, can be even more powerful. We're basically trying to find an undiscovered path that if walked once, makes us happyâ€"the path being the synaptic connections in our brain. And then, because we enjoy it, we go along that path, hundreds and hundreds of times. Slowly a track forms and becomes very clear and easier to walk every time.
Here is an example of a synapse, which represents the path we want to go over and over again, to make it a strong, easy to recognize pattern for our brains:
The best thing about such a practice is its long-term effects. In one study, people who did a "three good things" exercise for a week felt happier and less depressed after one month. The study then did the three-month and six-month follow-ups. Not surprisingly, the happiest participants were the ones who had continued the practice throughout.
What this tells me right of the bat is this: There's hope for us all! (Even for a curmudgeon like me who reacts to the idea of spending time trying to accentuate the positive with a growl.) So I think a good way to see the positive Tetris Effect like learning a foreign language. It will be the most difficult and unnatural-feeling at the beginning. And yet, the rewards will make you feel unbelievably happier if you stick with it.
4 Ways to Change Your Life to Be More Lastingly Positive
Ok, now that we've been through the background it's time to get our hands dirty. How can we put all of this into practice? At the core, the Tetris Effect is about building a habit that becomes more automatic and therefore longer lasting. In turn, this will sustainably boost your productivity and creativity. As Achor notes:
"Happiness is a work ethic... It's something that requires our brains to train just like an athlete has to train."
So with that in mind here are some of the top ways that Achor and others identified to rewire your brain for positivity:
Scan for the 3 daily positives. At the end of each day, make a list of three specific good things that happened that day and reflect on what caused them to happen. The good things could be anythingâ€"bumping into an old friend, a positive remark from someone at work, a pretty sunset. Celebrating small wins also has a proven effect of powering motivation and igniting joy. As you record your good things daily, the better you will get and feel.
Give one shout-out to someone (daily). I love this technique. Take the positive things you're getting better at recognizing and let people know you've noticed! Take a minute to say thanks or recognize someone for their efforts, from friends and family to people at work. A great way to go about this is by sending 1 daily email to someone. It can be your old school teacher, who's advice you are now appreciating every day. A co-worker or someone you've only met. Show courage and say thanks, I love doing this and just checking in with a nice note.
Do something nice. Acts of kindness boost happiness levels. Something as small and simple as making someone smile works. Pausing to do something thoughtful has the power to get you out of that negativity loop. Do something nice that is small and concrete like buying someone a coffee. You can try and have that even on your to do listâ€"have you done anything nice for someone today? I love this technique and it's one of the most amazing ways to feel happier.
Mind your mind. Mindfulness is paying attention to the present moment without judgment. Opening our awareness beyond the narrowness of negativity can help bring back more balance and positivity into the picture. The regular practice of mindfulness meditation has also been shown to affect the brain's plasticity, increasing gray matter in the hippocampus, an area of the brain important for learning, memory, and emotion, and reducing gray matter in the amygdala, an area of the brain associated with stress and anxiety. Take a look at these tips on mindfulness and meditation to get started.
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