Wednesday, 9 December 2020

[www.keralites.net] : Sari Is Like A Thermos;

 



M.D.HEGDE
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The Sari Is Like A Thermos!!..................................CB.
 
 

Need the warmth of a sweater in winter and the breeziness of a skirt in summer? A new study finds that the traditional sari is the perfect all-weather clothing – and that everything depends on how you drape it.

 
For many Indian women today, the sari is more an outfit for rare, dressy occasions than utilitarian daily wear. Better the pre-stitched convenience of trousers or salwar kameezes than the fumbling that comes with six-yards of freeform fabric. Yet, a new study by a Riyadh-based researcher of Indian origin turns the idea on its head, showing that the Indian sari scores over western wear on at least one aspect of convenience – insulation. Much like a thermos flask, the sari has the ability to keep its wearer warm or cool, depending on the weather around her. It's all in the pallu, the study shows. Depending on whether you pleat the pallu or drape it across your shoulders, you can alternate between the warmth of a sweater and trousers or the breeziness of a summer skirt and blouse.  
The sari, scientifically yours.The sari, scientifically yours.
This finding was reported last month in the journal Architectural Science Review by a group of researchers from South Korea's LG Electronics and University of Berkeley, California. Lead author Madhavi Indraganti, who is currently a visiting professor at Prince Sultan University in Riyadh, studies thermal comfort – the perception of comfort which people experience when the temperature, their clothing and the air speed around them is just right. Indraganti's work involves speaking to occupants of residential and commercial buildings to understand what contributes to their thermal comfort and then creating mathematical models to help building designers pick the most appropriate architecture for a climate. As Indraganti tells me in an interview on the phone, "Thermal comfort is the primordial reason behind human existence. If it wasn't for thermal comfort, we wouldn't be alive."
We humans are fair-weather people: there is a very narrow band of temperatures in which we can survive. So we widen this band by wearing (and taking off) clothes and building houses, thus allowing us to live in inhospitable regions such as Antarctica and the Sahara. Even so, we don't always manage to make conditions perfect for ourselves, and this, predictably, hurts our productivity. In a 2006 analysis of 26 previous studies on the relationship between workplace temperature and productivity, Finnish researchers found that the productivity rose with each degree Celsius upto the 20-23 degree band, peaked at 21.6 degrees, and then began dropping past 24 degrees.  
Indraganti and her team have also been looking for data on the optimum temperature for productivity in India, but not much is available. India's National Building code, a compulsory code of health and safety standards for buildings, borrows over two-decade old guidelines from ASHRAE, an international society that sets standards for building design. Apart from being obsolete, the ASHRAE 1992 standards borrowed by India also rely on studies conducted in western countries. This is a problem, because India has very diverse and unique climatic zones, with both Himalayan and desert conditions. Such diversity in climatic zones means that the temperature at which people experience thermal comfort varies from place to place in India, something not captured in the Indian building code.
The other problem is that ASHRAE 1992 standards assume that building occupants wear western clothes – business suits, skirts or trousers for women – something that doesn't hold for the majority of Indian offices. "If you really follow these standards, it will be very detrimental to our environment given the power shortage we have," says Indraganti. Designing buildings for the wrong temperature standards means they will be too cold or too hot, requiring enormous quantities of power to correct.   
These are the problems that got Indraganti interested in studying Indian buildings and their occupants more closely. And one of the things she has to put a number on for this is the insulation potential of the Indian sari.
For her study, Indraganti and team used thermal manikins – physically indistinguishable from the mannequins displayed in clothing store windows – but with a complicated apparatus inside that helps them generate heat and dissipate it the way human bodies do. They then placed these manikins in a climate chamber, designed to simulate a variety of environments, at the University of California, Berkley.
Next, they draped the manikin in nine sari ensembles. Seven of these were summer ensembles, put together using a lightweight yellow silk sari of a south Indian design called Kalakshetra, and a heavier green handloom poly-cotton sari from the Gadag region of Karnataka. Two were winter ensembles, which threw in an acrylic shawl on top of the green Gadag saree. In some ensembles, Indraganti and team pleated the pallu, while in others, they left it loose. In some they draped it over the shoulder, while in others they left it hanging behind the back. All the ensembles included a petticoat, or a long skirt worn under the sari, a blouse and undergarments. The manikin's temperature was set at 34°C, approximately the temperature of our skin. Finally, the team measured how good the ensembles were at preventing heat loss from the body.
What they found was that depending on how the pallu was draped, the sari could offer a variety of insulation levels. Just covering the arms fully with the pallu increased insulation by 47 percent.  On the other hand, a pleated pallu sari, with a low clothing insulation value (measured in clo units) of 0.65 clo, was as airy as western summer ensembles such as formal turtleneck blouses and skirts. "The sari is a very dynamic attire," says Indraganti.
Proponents of the sari have been saying this for years. Rta Kapur Chishti, a textile scholar and the founder of the Delhi-based The Sari School, says each climatic zone in India has its own interpretation of the sari, to help the wearer adapt to the weather. She documents around 108 of these from 15 states in her book Saris of India: Tradition and Beyond. This kind of adaptability is possible with the sari because, Rta says, "It is not a structured garment. You can make of it what you want – a pair of pants, a pair of pantaloons, a short dress, a long dress, a gown. You can reinvent it – it is not a kimono."
How is it that the sari, with its multi-layered skirt, is no more insulating than a single-layer western skirt, as Indraganti's study shows? The sari pulls off this trick by its clever design, explains Indraganti. First, the sari skirt is conical, with the tight pleats around the waist flaring into a larger circle near the feet. This allows small currents of air to move up and down the legs, swished about by the motion of the pleats.  Then there is the exposed midriff, which keeps the skin cooler. Women who engage in physically intense work can go one step further and lift their hemlines by pulling their pleats up and tucking them into their waistbands. Just this act brings down the sari's insulation value by another 40 percent, Indraganti found in another study.
Kalev Kuklane, a thermal environment researcher at Sweden's Lund University who has also conducted studies on the sari, says the sari's versatility is a definite advantage amongst workers who experience different temperatures within the course of the day. For those who travel between a hot and cold environment or those who get periods of rest between periods of high activity, an adjustable garment like the sari makes logistics easier. An alternative would be to carry along an extra piece of clothing, like a jacket, but that could be inconvenient.
Indraganti's study shows that "we have a lot to learn from the traditional clothing," adds Kuklane. From the thawb worn by Arab men, which shields them from solar radiation during the day and warms them at night, to the wide-brimmed hats worn by farmers in Latin America, traditional clothes pull off many tricks without much technology.
That's why Indraganti rues that some Indian offices impose absurd dress codes that don't allow for the adaptation possible in traditional attires. One example is leather shoes and full-sleeved shirts for men. During a thermal comfort survey she conducted in Hyderabad, she noticed that while all men stuck to the dress code when they walked into the office in the morning, they would roll up their sleeves and kick off their shoes by the afternoon. "If I am allowed to wear something more conducive to my cultural climate, I would tolerate the weather better," she argues.  Perhaps these offices would do well to switch to the south Indian lungi – another promising garment that Indraganti is carrying out insulation studies on.
Priyanka Pulla is freelance science journalist based in Bangalore.
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[www.keralites.net] : ARE YOU SURE YOU DON'T HAVE MASKED HYPERTENSION?

 



M.D.HEGDE
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Are You Sure You Don't Have Masked Hypertension?


DP2
Hypertension can strike a person of any age in today's fast paced times. Sedentary lifestyle clubbed with all the high calorie foods is one of the major triggers for hypertension. It has become a common lifestyle disease in the present scenario. If left unchecked, it can lead to serious threats to life like heart ailments and stroke.
But the perils of hypertension do not end here- the threat of a dangerous form of hypertension called 'Masked Hypertension' looms large.
Masked hypertension happens when your blood pressure reading measured at the doctor's clinic is normal while your blood pressure reading measured at home is high. Due to this difference, high blood pressure often goes undetected making it a dangerous condition. It often takes a long time to discover masked hypertension in a person.
Let us explore how it happens and what you can do to prevent it.
What masks Hypertension?
The obvious reason that possibly hides high blood pressure is the fact that a doctor's clinic is a quiet and stress free place. In addition to that,  some patients find the presence of the doctor to be calming causing the high blood pressure to be at the normal state.. This tension free environment does not happen at home or work. A lot of stress, demands and pressure is experienced by the person thereby shooting up his/her blood pressure readings.
So, although the blood pressure readings are high when measured at home, they become normal at the doctor's clinic. This leads to masking or hiding of hypertension.
How to track Masked Hypertension?
The best way to track hypertension is to measure the blood pressure readings at regular intervals at home. Note down the readings in a chart. When you go to the clinic, take your blood pressure monitor along with you. Let the doctor measure your blood pressure with his instrument on one hand and an assistant can measure your blood pressure on the other hand with your personal monitor.
Both the readings can be taken at the same time. Compare the blood pressure readings of both machines to rule out any differences in the different measuring instruments.
Show your home records to the doctor. This way it will be easier to detect any discrepancies in your blood pressure readings taken at home and at the clinic.
Who is at greater risk for Masked Hypertension?
Although hypertension can occur at any age, masked hypertension is more likely to afflict the younger generation with a hectic lifestyle. Too much work and stress with too little time for relaxing and following nature's rhythm, often results in masked hypertension. Staying up late at night and working under constant pressure takes its toll surreptitiously on your body in the form of masked hypertension.
This condition is estimated to affect around 10 of the general population worldwide. Males are more likely to get afflicted with masked hypertension in comparison to the female population.
What causes Masked Hypertension?
Here is a checklist of major risk factors for masked hypertension:
  1. Alcohol and tobacco abuse: Intake of tobacco and alcohol in various forms on a regular basis is an open invitation to hypertension.
  2. High caffeine consumption: Consuming caffeine in high doses over a prolonged period can potentially trigger masked hypertension before you know it. Stop pumping your body with caffeine in varied forms like coffee, tea, chocolate etc.
  3. Unwanted pounds: Excessive weight is another major triggering factor for masked hypertension. An expanding waistline is a red flag for masked hypertension. Keep a tab on it!
  4. Improper diet pattern: If your platter is eternally loaded with scrumptious but oily and calorie filled food stuff, take heed! All the fat is eventually going to deposit in your arteries and elevate your blood pressure. So, diminish the quantity of refined foods, saturated fats, white flour and sugary items from your menu. Opt for dark leafy greens, fresh fruits, seeds, nuts and whole grains instead. These are high in anti oxidants that will prevent high blood pressure. Binge on fibrous salads and baked foods. Drink lots of water. Proper healthy diet will go a long way in keeping you fit and disease free.
  5. Physical inactivity: Spending time in front of your television or laptop will not boost your metabolism.. Lack of physical exercise results in high LDL cholesterol which eventually causes hypertension. So, grab your running shoes and go for a spin outdoors. You can also dance your way to a great metabolism. Choose an activity that interests and spend time outdoors to beat hypertension.
If any of the above risk factors are present in your lifestyle, take steps to change it into a healthy one. Seek medical advice and improve your oxygen intake to eliminate toxins from your body. Keep a positive outlook in life to beat stress. It will go a long way in keeping you safe from the risk of masked hypertension.
 



    
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[www.keralites.net] : USES OF MUSTARD SEEDS

 





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Mustard seed is used in Ayurveda for both external application and oral use, in treating worm infestation, pruritis (itching), psychiatric disorders, low digestion strength and more. 
Botanical name of mustard types: 
White mustard, Yellow mustard – Sinapis alba
Black mustard – Brassica nigra L. Koch
Sarshapa – Indian mustard – Brassica juncea L. Czern. et Cosson
Family- Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
Names in different languages: 
Hindi name- Sarson / Rai
English name- Wild turnip
Kannada name – Sasive
Telugu name- Nallavalu, Avalu
Tamil name- Karuppukkadugadi
Marathi name- Kalamohare, Shirasi
Bengali name – Sarisha
Punjabi name – Sareya
Brassica juncea
Brassica juncea
Sanskrit Synonyms- 
Shweta Sarshapa – white mustard -
Siddharta, Shubhragaura, Katu sneha, Tuntubha, Rajika phala, Bhutaghna, Ugragandha, Tantubha, Udumbara, Vijayapaha, Katuka, Katusneha,
Bhutaghna, Bhootanashanam Rakshoghna – Relieves evil spirits
brassica nigra
Rakta Sarshapa – red mustard: 
Chitrala, Prabhuta Teekshna Gandha – strong odor
Krushna Sarshapa – Black mustard:
Asuri, Rajika, Krushnika, Teevra, Suteekshna, Katuka – strong and pungent
In general, Sarshapa refers to white mustard. It is also  Siddhartha or Shweta Sarshapa
Rajika is Krushna Sarshapa – Black mustard
Major chemical constituents
Seeds -Rutin, Arabinogalactan
Classical Categorization
Charaka-
Kandughna – group of herbs useful to relieve itching, pruritis
Asthapanopaga – group of herbs useful in decoction enema (Asthapana bast)
Shiro virechanopaga – group of herbs useful in nasya treatment
Susruta- Pippalyadi
Vaghbata- Kanndughna, Pippalyadi
Bhava Prakasha, Kaiyadeva Nighantu – Dhanya Varga (grains)
Dhanvantari Nighantu – Karaveeradi Varga
Rajanighantu – Shalyadi Varga
Mustard medicinal Properties:
Guna (qualities) – Laghu (lightness), Snigdha (oily, unctuousness)
Rasa (taste) – Katu (pungent), Tikta (bitter)
Vipaka- Katu – Undergoes pungent taste conversion after digestion
Veerya – Ushna – Hot potency
Effect on Tridosha - Balances Kapha and Vata Dosha. Increases Pitta Dosha.
Part used- Seed, seed oil
Dosage- Seed powder 2-4 g
Mustard benefits
Health benefits of Mustard:
White mustard uses – Siddharta (Shweta Sarshapa)
Hrudya – acts as cardiac tonic, congenial for heart
Rakta Pitta Vardahana – increases Pitta and worsens blood vitiation.
Agnivardhana – improves digestion strength
Indicated in –
Kushta – skin diseases
Kandu – itching, pruritis
Kantharoga – Throat and voice related disorders
Graharoga – Psychiatric disorders
Krumi – worm infestation
Ama – A product of indigestion and altered metabolism
Shruti –hearing disorders
Sheersha Anilarti – headache due to Vata increase
Pleeha – Disease of the spleen, Splenomegaly
Shoola – adominal pain
Red mustard:
It is quite similar to white variety.
Swadu – slightly sweet
Ushana – Hot
Guru – heavy to digest
Kshara – has scraping qualities
As per Bhava Prakasha, Red mustard is similar to white, but white is better.
Black mustard benefits – Rajika (Krushna Sarshapa)
Katu – Pungent
Tikta – bitter
Ushna – Hot
Nidrakari – induces sleep
Raktapitta krut – increases Pitta and vitiates Rakta (blood), not indicated in bleeding disorders. 
Indicated in –
Kushta – skin diseases
Kaphaja Gulma – Tumors of the abdomen of Kapha origin
Shopha  – inflammation
Kapha Pittaghni – Balances Kapha and Pitta Dosha
Mustard seed paste external application in wounds, abscess and swellings:
In cases of abscess / wounds with initial stage of pus formation, mustard paste is applied to quicken pus formation, before incision and draining.
In cases of wounds with slough, a thin layer of mustard paste applied, gets rid of the slough.
It relieves pain and swelling associated with wound / abscess / edema.
Mustard paste application in neurological conditions: 
In cases of paralysis, mustard paste helps to improve blood circulation and warmth.
In case of petechial patches, sub cutaneous bleeding spots, mustard application helps to relieve the patches, pain and burning sensation.
In case of arthritis and other joint conditions with stiffness, as in rheumatoid arthritis, mustard paste application helps to improve warmth and joint flexibility.
Mustard paste for skin disorders:
In cases of skin disorders involving itching and pain, mustard paste application is useful.
In these cases, mustard seed is ground with water, made into paste, applied over the affected area for 5 – 10 minutes, then the paste is removed.
It can also be applied to a wet cloth and then the cloth is wrapped over the affected area.
While the paste is applied, if the patient feels burning sensation, then the paste has to be removed immediately.
Mustard Side effects:
It increases Pitta dosha. Hence, it is best to avoid this during excess burning sensation, burning urination, bleeding disorders, gastritis.
It can be used in small quantities in children, during pregnancy and lactation.
Pigeon meat fried in mustard oil acts as poison.
सर्षपशाकं शाकानां (निन्द्यम्)।च.सू.२५
The leaves of mustard causes Vidaha – burning sensation, has absorbent, hot and strong piercing qualities. It causes Dosha imbalance. Hence advised to avoid it in diet.
How to use mustard:
Regular use of 1 –  2 grams in diet is best way to use..
If for specific therapeutic purpose, its powder is administered along with a teaspoon of ghee or honey.
Research:
Antimicrobial activity of Sinapsis alba – The seeds of hexane extract contain terpenoids and fattyacids. In 150% concentration Sinapis alba showed the highest 20mm antibacterial zone against streptococcus pneumoniae.
Ayurvedic medicines with mustard as ingredient:
Somaraji taila – useful in Ayurvedic treatment of eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, allergic skin conditions with itching.
Sarshapadi Pralepa – used in Ayurvedic treatment of edema and inflammation, cysts, cervical lymphadenopathy etc.
Yogaraja Churnam – used in the treatment of piles, fistula, anorexia, bloating and anemia.
 



    
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[www.keralites.net] 10-12-2020 திருச்சி நா.பிரசன்னாவின் இன்றைய குறுந்தகவல்

 




Subject: 10-12-2020
திருச்சி நா..பிரசன்னாவின் இன்றைய குறுந்தகவல்

 

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