Friday, 13 December 2019

[www.keralites.net] : Some Interesting Facts About R & AW ...

 





    
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  • Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW or RAW) was created to fill the gaps in intelligence gathering undertaken by the Intelligence Bureau.
  • It was created after the Sino-Indian War 1962 and Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 . (on September 21, 1968; 46 years ago)
  • The primary function of R&AW is gathering foreign intelligence andcounter-terrorism..
  • It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.
  • Its Motto is "धर्मो रक्षति रक्षित:" which means "The one not observing Dharma is destroyed while the one following it meticulously is protected."
  • R&AW started as a wing of the main Intelligence Bureau with 250 employees and an annual budget of ₹20 million(US$311,968.00).
  • Presently, the budget of R&AW is speculated to be as high as US$450 million
  • Other child agencies like The Radio Research Center and Electronics & Tech. Services were added to R&AW in the 1970s and 1990s. In the 1990s the Special Frontier Force became the paramilitary wing of R&AW, providing the requisite muscle for covert military operations.
  • In 2004 Government of India added yet another signal intelligence agency called the National Technical Facilities Organisation (NTFO), which was later renamed as National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO). It is believed to be functioning under titular control of R&AW. Exact nature of the operations conducted by NTRO is "very" classified.
  • R&AW's legal status is unusual, in that it is not an "Agency", but a "Wing" of the Cabinet Secretariat. Hence, R&AW is not answerable to the Parliament of India on any issue, which keeps it out of reach of the Right to Information Act.
  • R&AW has been organised on the lines of the CIA. They also have the benefit of training in either the USA or the UK, and more recently in Israel.
  • R&AW personnel are called "Research Officers" instead of the traditional "agents". There is a sizeable number of female officers in R&AW even at the operational level.
  • In recent years, R&AW has shifted its primary focus from Pakistan to China and have started operating a separate desk for this purpose.
  • Most of the Directors/Secretaries of Research and Analysis Wing have been Indian Police Service (IPS) officers.
  • All the chiefs of RAW have been experts on China or Pakistan except for Ashok Chaturvedi, who is an expert on Nepal.
  • Initially, R&AW relied primarily on trained intelligence officers (From IB, military, IPS, or revenue department) who were recruited directly.  Later, R&AW began directly recruiting graduates from universities. 
  • Direct recruitment at Class I executive level is from Civil services officers undergoing Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration. At the end of the course, R&AW conducts a campus interview. Based on a selection of psychological tests and the interview, candidates are inducted into R&AW for a lien period of one year. 
  • Officers can return to their parent cadre after serving a specific period in the agency if they wish to.
  • The candidates has to go under basic and advanced training before starting to work for RAW.
  • This is a ten-day phase in which the inductee is familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage, as opposed to the spies of fiction. Advance training will be a duration of 2 to 5 years. 
  • Activities and functions of R&AW are highly confidential and declassification of past operations are uncommon unlike agencies like CIA, MI6 and Mossad who have many of their activities declassified.
  • The primary mission of R&AW includes aggressive intelligence collection via espionage, psychological warfare, subversion, sabotage and assassinations. R&AW maintains active collaboration with other secret services in various countries. Its contacts with FSB of Russia, NDS, the Afghan agency, Israel's Mossad, the CIA and MI6.
  • ELINT operations are aimed at China. After China tested its first nuclear weapons on 16 October 1964, at Lop Nur, Xinjiang, India and the USA shared a common fear about the nuclear capabilities of China.the CIA in the late 1960s decided to launch an ELINT operation along with RAW and ARC to track China's nuclear tests and monitor its missile launches.
  • RAW had an important role in liberation of eastern Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh.
  • Operation Smiling Buddha: Operation Smiling Buddha was the name given to India's nuclear programme. The task to keep it under tight wraps for security was given to RAW.
  • RAW had an important role in Amalgamation of Sikkim.
  • Kahuta is the site of the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), Pakistan's main nuclear weapons laboratory as well as an emerging center for long-range missile development. R&AW first confirmed Pakistan's nuclear programs by analyzing the hair samples snatched from the floor of barber shops near KRL; which showed that Pakistan had developed the ability to enrich uranium to weapons-grade quality. RAW agents knew of Kahuta Research Laboratories from at least early 1978, when the then Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai, accidentally thwarted R&AW's operations on Pakistan's covert nuclear weapons program.
  • RAW started training the LTTE to keep a check on Sri Lanka, which had helped Pakistan in the Indo-Pak War by allowing Pakistani ships to refuel at Sri Lankan ports.
  • R&AW trained the intelligence officers of many independent African countries and assisted the anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa and Namibia. Retired R&AW officers were deputed to work in training institutes of intelligence agencies of some African states.
  • About 2–6 months before 26/11 Mumbai attacks R&AW had intercepted several telephone calls through SIGINT which pointed at impending attacks on Mumbai Hotels by Pakistan-based terrorists.
  • There are claims that RAW was assisting the United States by providing intelligence on Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban's whereabouts.
  • Operation Leech and Operation Chanakya.
  • It was alleged by the Sri Lankan newspaper The Sunday Times, that R&AW had a played in role in uniting the opposition, to bring about the defeat of Mahinda Rajapaksa, in Sri Lankan presidential election, 2015..
  • Operation Meghdoot, was the code-name for the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the disputed Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen Conflict.  It was RAW who gave classified informations regarding Pakistan's plan to capture Saltoro Ridge in Siachen as part of their Operation Ababeel.
  • On 23 June 1985, Indian aircraft  Boeing 747-237B was blown up by a bomb at an altitude of 31,000 feet (9,400 m) near Ireland. The incident caused the death of 329 passengers. On the same day, with a gap of an hour, another explosion occurred Tokyo's Narita airport's transit baggage building where baggage was being transferred from Cathay Pacific Flight No CP 003 to Air India Flight 301, which was scheduled for Bangkok. Both aircraft were loaded with explosives from Canadian airports. This was a failure on RAW's part as they were responsible to counter Khalistan movements.
  • In the year 1988, India received international praise for the Operation Cactus. In November 1988, the People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), a militant Tamils invaded Maldives.
    The Indian Armed Forces, with assistance from R&AW, launched a military campaign to throw the mercenaries out of Maldives. The Indian paratroopers landed at Hulhule and restored the government of the then President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom at Malé within hours.Swift operation by the military and precise intelligence by RAW quelled the insurgency.
  • After the rise of Pakistan and American backed Taliban in Afghanistan, India decided to side with the Northern Alliance (a resistance force against the Taliban government) and the Soviet Union.
  • By 1996, RAW had built a 25 bed military hospital at the Farkhor Air Base. India supplied the Northern Alliance high altitude warfare equipment worth around US$8–10 million.
    RAW was the first intelligence agency to determine the extent of the Kunduz airlift.
  • During Kargil war, RAW was successful in tapping a telephonic conversation between the then Pakistan army chief General Pervez Musharraf, who was in Beijing, and his chief of staff Lt. Gen. Mohammed Aziz in Islamabad. This tape was later published by India to prove Pakistani involvement in the Kargil incursion.

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