Friday, 17 July 2015

[www.keralites.net] ​The Importance of the Glycemic Index [ For Blood Sugar Watchers ]

 

The Importance of the Glycemic Index

 

You might have heard the words "glycemic index" being thrown around, but weren't sure what the whole thing was about. The glycemic index (GI) is a number that is associated with different foods and shows their effect on the glucose levels in the blood (also known as "blood sugar level"). The number represents the total rise in glucose level after eating that food. 

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How the GI is determined:

The level of "sweetness" of a food doesn't necessarily give it a low or high GI value- Foods with simple carbohydrates break down faster in the stomach, releasing glucose into the blood more rapidly and therefore have a higher GI value. Foods with complex carbohydrates, which break down slower, will have a lower GI value.

Other factors that affect GI levels:

Dietary fiber, fat, protein, vinegar and amylose starch will lower the GI levels in food. Research shows that consuming a small amount of alcohol shortly before a meal will reduce the GI level of the meal by 15%.

GI classification:

Classification GI range Examples
Low GI 55 or less beans (white, black, pink, kidney, lentil, soy, almond, peanut, walnut, chickpea); small seeds (sunflower, flax, pumpkin, poppy, sesame); most whole intact grains (durum/spelt/kamut wheat, millet, oat, rye, rice, barley); most vegetables, most sweet fruits (peaches, strawberries, mangos); fructose; mushrooms; chili peppers
Medium GI 56-69 Whole wheat or enriched wheat (not-intact), pita bread, basmati rice, unpeeled boiled potato, grape juice, raisins, prunes, pumpernickel bread, cranberry juice, regular ice cream, sucrose, banana
High GI 70 or higher white bread (only wheat endosperm), most white rice (only rice endosperm), corn flakes, extruded breakfast cereals, glucose, maltose, maltodextrins, potato, pretzels, bagels

Source: Wikipedia.org

Why do we need to know the GI of food?

Diabetics need to know what their glucose levels are, as changes in these levels can have serious effects on their physical and mental state and may even be detrimental to their health. Non-diabetics can use the GI to better regulate their energy levels and improve results when working out. Some people with a thyroid condition need to control their blood sugar levels in order to lose or maintain weight.

High glycemic foods break down fast, providing a quick energy boost, especially after a workout. Low glycemic foods take more time to break down, making them great fuel to have before a workout, as they release energy into the body in a steady rate. These factors can help you preventhypoglycemia symptoms.

A 1999 research discovered that people who follow a low GI diet over a prolonged period of time reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and even age-related muscular degeneration.

Things to be aware of:

The GI index is not perfect – there are many foods that are low-glycemic which are unhealthy (Chocolate cake – GI 31, ice cream – GI 37) and ones that are high-glycemic that are good for you (Potato/rice – 100 GI). Remember to practice moderation.

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The amount of carbohydrates in food can have more of an impact than GI on the glucose levels in your blood. Losing weight and consuming less carbs will also lower blood glucose levels.

The Rise of Blood Sugar Levels After a Meal

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Source: Wikipedia.org

The Harvard Medical School recently published a glycemic index of common foods:
 

FOOD

GI
(glucose = 100)

Serving size (grams) Glycemic load per serving
BAKERY PRODUCTS AND BREADS      
Banana cake, made with sugar 47 60 14
Banana cake, made without sugar 55 60 12
Sponge cake, plain 46 63 17
Vanilla cake made from packet mix with vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker) 42 111 24
Apple, made with sugar 44 60 13
Apple, made without sugar 48 60 9
Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats) 76 35 10
Bagel, white, frozen 72 70 25
Baguette, white, plain 95 30 15
Coarse barley bread, 75-80% kernels 34 30 7
Hamburger bun 61 30 9
Kaiser roll 73 30 12
Pumpernickel bread 56 30 7
50% cracked wheat kernel bread 58 30 12
White wheat flour bread 71 30 10
Wonder™ bread 73 30 10
Whole wheat bread 71 30 9
100% Whole Grain™ bread (Natural Ovens) 51 30 7
Pita bread, white 68 30 10
Corn tortilla 52 50 12
Wheat tortilla 30 50 8
BEVERAGES      
Coca Cola® 63 250 mL 16
Fanta®, orange soft drink 68 250 mL 23
Lucozade®, original (sparkling glucose drink) 95±10 250 mL 40
Apple juice, unsweetened 44 250 mL 30
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray®) 68 250 mL 24
Gatorade 78 250 mL 12
Orange juice, unsweetened 50 250 mL 12
Tomato juice, canned 38 250 mL 4
BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
 
   
All-Bran™ 55 30 12
Coco Pops™ 77 30 20
Cornflakes™ 93 30 23
Cream of Wheat™ (Nabisco) 66 250 17
Cream of Wheat™, Instant (Nabisco) 74 250 22
Grapenuts™ 75 30 16
Muesli 66 30 16
Oatmeal 55 250 13
Instant oatmeal 83 250 30
Puffed wheat 80 30 17
Raisin Bran™ (Kellogg's) 61 30 12
Special K™ (Kellogg's) 69 30 14
GRAINS      
Pearled barley 28 150 12
Sweet corn on the cob 60 150 20
Couscous 65 150 9
Quinoa 53 150 13
White rice 89 150 43
Quick cooking white basmati 67 150 28
Brown rice 50 150 16
Converted, white rice (Uncle Ben's®) 38 150 14
Whole wheat kernels 30 50 11
Bulgur 48 150 12
COOKIES AND CRACKERS
 
   
Graham crackers 74 25 14
Vanilla wafers 77 25 14
Shortbread 64 25 10
Rice cakes 82 25 17
Rye crisps 64 25 11
Soda crackers 74 25 12
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
 
   
Ice cream, regular 57 50 6
Ice cream, premium 38 50 3
Milk, full fat 41 250mL 5
Milk, skim 32 250 mL 4
Reduced-fat yogurt with fruit 33 200 11
FRUITS      
Apple 39 120 6
Banana, ripe 62 120 16
Dates, dried 42 60 18
Grapefruit 25 120 3
Grapes 59 120 11
Orange 40 120 4
Peach 42 120 5
Peach, canned in light syrup 40 120 5
Pear 38 120 4
Pear, canned in pear juice 43 120 5
Prunes, pitted 29 60 10
Raisins 64 60 28
Watermelon 72 120 4
BEANS AND NUTS
 
   
Baked beans 40 150 6
Blackeye peas 33 150 10
Black beans 30 150 7
Chickpeas 10 150 3
Chickpeas, canned in brine 38 150 9
Navy beans 31 150 9
Kidney beans 29 150 7
Lentils 29 150 5
Soy beans 15 150 1
Cashews, salted 27 50 3
Peanuts 7 50 0
PASTA and NOODLES
 
   
Fettucini 32 180 15
Macaroni 47 180 23
Macaroni and Cheese (Kraft) 64 180 32
Spaghetti, white, boiled 46 180 22
Spaghetti, white, boiled 20 min 58 180 26
Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled 42 180 17
SNACK FOODS
 
   
Corn chips, plain, salted 42 50 11
Fruit Roll-Ups® 99 30 24
M M's®, peanut 33 30 6
Microwave popcorn, plain 55 20 6
Potato chips 51 50 12
Pretzels, oven-baked 83 30 16
Snickers Bar® 51 60 18
VEGETABLES      
Green peas 51 80 4
Carrots 35 80 2
Parsnips 52 80 4
Baked russet potato 111 150 33
Boiled white potato 82 150 21
Instant mashed potato 87 150 17
Sweet potato 70 150 22
Yam 54 150 20
MISCELLANEOUS      
Hummus (chickpea salad dip) 6 30 0
Chicken nuggets (frozen) 46 100 7
Pizza (plain baked dough, parmesan cheese and tomato sauce) 80 100 22
Pizza, Super Supreme (Pizza Hut) 36 100 9
Honey 61 25 12

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[www.keralites.net] KIDNEYS--15 Habits That Damage Your KIDNEYS--

 

15 Habits that Damage Our Healthy Kidneys

It's hard to notice when we do our kidneys damage. Even if 80% damaged, kidneys can still do their job, and so we rarely realize they're on their last leg. Often, even common daily habits can cause your kidneys continual damage, and when you finally discover something's wrong, it's too late. 

 
Our kidneys are incredible organs that work very hard. By themselves, they absorb minerals and nutrients, produce hormones, act as a filter for toxins in our blood, produce our urine and maintain a normal acid to alkaline ratio. We cannot live without our kidneys functioning properly. The Chinese, for example, have looked at the kidneys as a site of essential life force for centuries.
 
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If you're serious about looking after yourself, then taking care of your kidneys should be one of your primary concerns. If you want to make sure your kidneys thrive and continue to serve you in the coming years ahead, here's a helpful list of habits you should definitely avoid:

 
1. Drinking Sodas
A study conducted on employees working at Osaka University in Japan found that drinking 2 or more soda drinks a day (either diet or regular) may well be connected to a higher risk of kidney disease. The study included 12,000 people, and those who drank larger quantities of soda were found to have protein in their urine, which is one of the first signs of kidney damage. However, early detection can reverse the disease with proper treatment.

 
2. A Deficiency in Vitamin B6
The healthy function of our kidneys also depends on a healthy diet, especially one that contains certain nutrients. According to a study performed at the University of Maryland, a vitamin B6 deficiency increases the risk of the formation of kidney stones. For healthy kidney function, a person should have at least 1.3 milligrams of vitamin B6 in their food every day. The best sources for this vitamin are fish, beef liver, potatoes, starchy vegetables, chickpeas and non-citrus fruits. 
 
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3. Smoking
Perhaps not surprisingly, smoking has been linked to arthrosclerosis - the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels - which influences the blood supply going to all the major organs, including the kidneys. According to a study published in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, just 2 cigarettes a day are enough to double the number of endothelial cells (the cells that line our blood vessel walls) present in your bloodstream. This is a sign of arterial damage. 

 
In addition, the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology references a number of different studies conducted in the last decade that link smoking to decreased kidney function. 

 
4. Lack of Exercise
Another good way of protecting your kidneys is to get some exercise. A comprehensive study published in 2013 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology found that postmenopausal women who exercised had 31% (!) less risk of developing kidney stones.

 
5. Magnesium Deficiency
Magnesium is what helps our body to properly absorb and assimilate calcium. If we don't get enough magnesium, we get overloaded in calcium and, once again, develop kidney stones. To prevent this from happening, add some leafy vegetables, seeds, nuts or beans to your diet. Another good source of magnesium is fresh avocados.

 
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6. Disrupted Sleep
I just love a good night's sleep and, as it turns out, so do my kidneys. According to Science Daily, a chronic disruption in our sleep can cause kidney disease. According to Dr. Michael Sole, Cardiologist and Professor of Medicine and Physiology at the University of Toronto, kidney tissues get renewed during the night while we're sleeping, so when we can't sleep without constant interruptions, the kidneys suffer direct damage.

 

May also interest you:

  • Bananas Are Definitely the Most Useful Fruit in the World!
  • 25 Things That Will Better Your Odds Against Alzheimer's
  • This Week in Health Tips!
 
 
7. Not Drinking Enough Water
One of the most important things for our kidneys is for them to get hydrated enough to perform their functions. If we don't get enough water in our system, toxins start accumulating in our blood because there isn't enough fluid to take them through the kidneys. The National Kidney Foundation recommends drinking at least 10-12 glasses of water every day. An easy way to check if you're drinking enough is to make sure your urine is a light color or clear. If it's dark, you're not drinking enough. You can check the color of your urine with this helpful guide.

 
8. Not Emptying Your Bladder Fast Enough
When you hear the call to pee, you should listen to it. Obviously we're not always at a place where we can pee right away, but if you 'hold it in' on a regular basis, it will increase the pressure of urine on your kidneys, which can lead to renal failure or incontinence. 

 
9. Having Too Much Sodium in Our Diet
Salt is an important nutrient, but a disaster when taken in excessive amounts. Over-consumption of sodium will raise your blood pressure and put a lot of strain on your kidneys. We recommend limiting yourselves to no more than 5.8 grams (0.2 ounces) of salt per day. So put down that salt shaker!

 
10. Consuming Too Much Caffeine
We usually drink more caffeine than we think we do. There's coffee, tea, soft drinks and sodas - before you know it, your body is full of caffeine every day, which causes your blood pressure to shoot through the roof and your kidneys to suffer damage.
 
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11. Abusing Pain-Killers
Many of us have a daily routine of taking medications. When we suffer from pain, our first reaction is usually to swallow a pill. They do help the pain, but you should think twice before taking too many. All pharmaceutical drugs have side effects, and many of them cause kidney or liver damage. Check out some natural painkillers you can find or make at home. That said, some drugs SHOULD be taken, which brings us to my next point...

 
12. Not Taking Certain Drugs You Need to
If you suffer from high blood pressure and/or type 2 diabetes, two very common conditions these days, you will probably also suffer kidney damage. Don't leave these conditions untreated and take your daily meds to reduce your blood pressure and control your insulin levels. Without them, you're almost guaranteed to suffer kidney damage.

 
13. Consuming Too Much Protein
According to a study conducted at Harvard University, an overdose of protein in our diet can cause our kidneys damage. When we digest protein, our body produces a byproduct - ammonia. Ammonia is a toxin that your already-hardworking kidneys need to neutralize. This means that the more protein we consume, the harder we work our kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure.

 
14. Not Treating Common Infections
We all get lazy sometimes and ignore a simple cold or a flu, which can push our body to the brink of exhaustion. Studies have shown, however, that people who do not rest or treat their infections often end up with kidney disease.
 
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15. Consuming Too Much Alcohol
Now this is a no brainer. The toxins in alcohol not only damage the liver, like many believe, but they are also something your kidneys simply hate to deal with. According to Kidney Health Australia and the American Kidney Fund, one good way of avoiding kidney failure is drinking alcohol in moderation.

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Posted by: Murli dhar Gupta <mdguptabpl@gmail.com>
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