Sunday, 4 March 2012

[www.keralites.net] Test for idiocy

 


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[www.keralites.net] A Small & Intelligent move but a Great Relief to HUMANITY.

 

Kaushik Basu Says Make Bribe Giving Legal

By Subhadip Sircar

To help a nation plagued by corruption scandals on a veritably daily basis, the top government economist has suggested a radical solution: Paying bribes should be made legal.

India's Chief Economic Adviser Kaushik Basu argues that for a certain class of bribes, which possibly for want of a better word he describes as harassment bribes,�� bribe giving should be made a legitimate activity. Such bribes should be directed only toward getting services to which you and I are legally entitled at the moment, such as an income tax refund or customs clearance for an exporter's goods.

In a working paper, Mr. Basu argues that decriminalizing bribe paying would cause a sharp decline in the incidence of bribery. The reasoning he offers involves game theory, which tries to analyze how players will act in situations where the outcome also depends on the behavior of others. He suggests that once the law is altered in this manner, the interests of the bribe giver and the bribe taker will be at odds�and that will help reduce corruption.

In theory, once a demand for a bribe has been satisfied�and the service received, one presumes��the bribe giver may be interested in cooperating in getting the bribe taker caught, knowing that he or she will not face any punishment. That possibility could deter the bribe taker from taking a bribe in the first place. Right now, the interests of both converge, since both payer and taker face punishment if caught, and so the payer has a reduced interest in uncovering bribery.

In his postulation, Mr. Basu clarifies that the act of bribe taking is still considered illegal, and the total punishment meted out for bribery may still be the same. He says that if under the existing system, the bribe giver and the bribe taker are fined x rupees each if caught, under his proposed regime the bribe taker should pay the full amount if caught and the bribe giver nil.

Mr. Basu's radical suggestion is sure to generate wide chatter especially in the current context of moral outrage at the manifestation of corruption in all walks of life��be it the allocation of telecom spectrum to phone companies, the spiriting away of black money in undeclared overseas accounts, the spending and general mismanagement of the Commonwealth Games, or the appropriation by politicians of housing facilities meant for war widows and veterans.

The Hong Kong-based Political & Economic Risk Consultancy recently bracketed India, along with countries like Cambodia and Indonesia as among the most corrupt nations in the Asia Pacific region.

Mr. Basu, while justifying his thesis, however does make the case that in the end there is no alternative to building up the values of honesty and integrity in society.

The working paper is part of a series that Mr. Basu has initiated in the Ministry of Finance as part of his endeavor to push more research in government.

In the rush to produce urgent policy documents and briefing notes that any government has to do, it is easy to let matters that may not be quite as urgent to go unattended,�� he says in his introduction to the paper.

Mr. Basu had last year lamented to India Real Time that policy-making takes most of his time, leaving little time for academic research. But this month, he has two new books out.

The first is called Beyond the Invisible Hand,� in which he outlines how Adam Smith's theory of the free markets has been misinterpreted over the years. The second, An Economist's Miscellany,� is a collection of multidisciplinary writings on the worlds of academia, politics and policy. In an interview posted by his Indian publisher, Permanent Black, Mr. Basu put Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions,� Katharine Tait's My Father, Bertrand Russell,� about the British philospher, Franz Kafka's opus on bureaucracy The Trial� and any one P.G. Wodehouse�� among his recommended readings.

In the interview, he pointed out that he doesn't include the Economic Survey for the financial year from April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, which he largely authored, in the list of books he would recommend that his friends read. But he said that work does mean a lot to him as it swallowed up the better part of my life�� in the last several months.


--
" Vande Matharam "
"Jai Hind"

Gangadharan Nair N

ng.puthoor@gmail.com

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[www.keralites.net] its about u,,

 
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[www.keralites.net] 40 Of The Worlds Most Beautiful Fountains

 

40 Of The Worlds Most Beautiful Fountains

There are many beautiful water fountains around the world, from the Bellagio Fountains in Las Vegas to the old fountains of Rome . Some fountains are very old, yet some are new and using the latest in high technology. Here are 40 fountains, old and new, that millions of people travel each year to go see. These fountains are located at some of the most popular tourist destinations from in front of some beautiful hotels, to the middle of downtowns. If you are planning a vacation, these are some beautiful spots to add to your list of sites to see.


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71 Fountain, Ohio , United States

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Archibald Fountain, Sydney , Australia

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Banpo Bridge Fountain, Seoul , South Korea

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Bellagio Fountains, Nevada , United States

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Buckingham Fountain, Chicago , United States

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Ceasar Chavez Fountain Park , San Jose , United States

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Chatsworth House & fountains, Derbyshire , England

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City Hall Fountains, Edmonton , Canada

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Crown Fountain, Chicago , United States

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Disneys Fountain of Nations, Florida , United States

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El Alamein Fountain, Sydney , Australia

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Floating Fountains, Osaka , Japan

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Fonte do Ibirapuera, Sao Paulo , Brazil

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Fountain of Rings, Georgia , United States

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Fountain of Wealth, Suntec City , Singapore

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Four Rivers Fountain, Rome , Italy

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Frisco Square fountain, Frisco Square, Texas

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Gardens of Versailles , Versailles , France

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Grand Haven Musical Fountain , Michigan , United States

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Grove Baths of Apollo, Chateau de Versailles, France

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Horace Dodge Fountain , Michigan , United States

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Jet deau Fountain, Geneva , Switzerland

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Kansas City Plaza Fountain , Missouri , United States

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King Fahds Fountain, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Magic Fountain, Montjuic,Barcelona

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Merlion Front , Singapore

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Multimedia fountain, Wroclaw , Poland

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Ovato fountain, Villa dEste Park , Italy

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Peoples Friendship Fountain, Moscow , Russia

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Peterhof Fountains, St. Petersburg , Russia
===
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Pineapple Fountain , South Carolina , United States

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Scott Fountain , Michigan , United States

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Space Printer Fountain, Hakata , Japan

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Swarovski Fountain, Innsbruck , Austria

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Tap fountain, Santa Galdana, Menorca

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Tivoli Fountain fountain, Tivoli , Italy

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Trevi Fountain, Rome , Italy

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Vaillancourt Fountain , California , United States

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Villa dEste Water Fountain, Tivoli , Italy

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Volcano Fountain, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates

Traditionally a fountain is an arrangement where water comes from a source, fills a basin of some sort, and is then drained away. In a fountain sheets of water might flow over various surfaces of stone, concrete or maybe metal. Basins might overflow from one into another, or perhaps the overflow may mimic a natural cascade. Countless fountains can be found in small, artificial, ornamental ponds, basins and formal garden pools, and often they include a sculpture. You will get to see them in every city you travel to and the larger, more colorful it is, the larger the hype.

There are numerous features which helps in the creation of a typical fountain but probably the most common features of a fountain, when there is enough pressure, is one or more jets,
through which water is forced into the air under pressure to some height. A famous example of such a modern day fountain rises from the surface of Lake Geneva named Jet dEau.
Attractive fountains, is a must-have thing for each and every self-respecting city that desires to attract more and more tourists. Its no secret that people are able to see them in every city they travel to, however have you ever wondered where are the most beautiful fountains in the world?

All of the fountains above are designed by well known architects and I must say its not an easy job to design and complete these pieces of art. On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction , the renowned 20th C. architect Le Corbusier wrote:
You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture .


ISMAIL CHOHAN
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