[www.keralites.net] never lie to her!!!!!!!!

 

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[www.keralites.net] I PRAY FOR THE 29 CHILDREN

 

Please see the news below.Since it has happened far away from us, we see it as a statistics only. Imagine if one of them was your child.

I cannot remain silent over the killing of these innocent children, but what I can do, except pray for the souls of these children and pray to God to bring good sense to the people who kill innocents in the name religion. I wish the religious leaders condemn such killings and declare that the persons behind such ghastly crimes against innocents will go to burning hell only.

T. Mathew

ss\Pocnbbn kvIqfn\v t\À¡v CkvemanI Xo{hhmZnIfpsS B{IaWw; 29 Ip«nIÄ sImÃs¸«p

tbmt_: hS¡pIng¡³ ss\Pocnbbn Hcp t_mÀUnwKv kvIqfn\v t\À¡v CkvemanI Xo{hhmZnIÄ \S¯nb B{IaW¯n 29 Ip«nIÄ sImÃs¸«p. Hcp A[ym]nIbpw acn¨n«pWvSv. tbmt_ kwØm\s¯ aaptUm \Kc¯nse kÀ¡mÀ sk¡³Udn kvIqfn\p t\À¡mbncp¶p B{IaWw. \nch[n t]À¡v ]cnt¡än«papWvSv. Nnesc A{IanIÄ Poht\msS Xosh¨p sImÃpIbmbncp¶psh¶mWv ]cnt¡ähÀ ]dbp¶Xv. CkvemanI Xo{hhmZkwLamb s_mt¡m ldmansâ B{IaWs¯ XpSÀ¶v sabv ]IpXntbmsS .tbmt_ DÄs¸sS aq¶v hS¡pIng¡³ kwØm\§fn ss\Pocnb³ {]knUâv ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¨ncp¶p. F¶m ChnS§fn kvIqfpIÄ¡v kpc£sbmcp¡m³ A[nIrXÀ H¶pw sN¿p¶nsöv {]tZihmknIÄ ]dªp.

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[www.keralites.net] portrait ! venice laoa //malaysia

 

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[www.keralites.net] History of Taxation PRE – 1922

 

"It was only for the good of his subjects that he collected taxes from them, just as the Sun draws moisture from the Earth TO GIVE IT BACK A THOUSAND FOLD" --Kalidas in Raghuvansh eulogizing KING DALIP.

It is a matter of general belief that taxes on income and wealth are of recent origin but there is enough evidence to show that taxes on income in some form or the other were levied even in primitive and ancient communities. The origin of the word "Tax" is from "Taxation" which means an estimate. These were levied either on the sale and purchase of merchandise or livestock and were collected in a haphazard manner from time to time. Nearly 2000 years ago, there went out a decree from Ceaser Augustus that the entire world should be taxed. In Greece, Germany and Roman Empires, taxes were also levied sometime on the basis of turnover and sometimes on occupations. For many centuries, revenue from taxes went to the Monarch. In Northern England, taxes were levied on land and on moveable property such as the Saladin title in 1188. Later on, these were supplemented by introduction of poll taxes, and indirect taxes known as "Ancient Customs" which were duties on wool, leather and hides. These levies and taxes in various forms and on various commodities and professions were imposed to meet the needs of the Governments to meet their military and civil expenditure and not only to ensure safety to the subjects but also to meet the common needs of the citizens like maintenance of roads, administration of justice and such other functions of the State.

 

In India, the system of direct taxation as it is known today, has been in force in one form or another even from ancient times.

 

There are references both in Manu Smriti and Arthasastra to a variety of tax measures. Manu, the ancient sage and law-giver stated that the king could levy taxes, according to Sastras. The wise sage advised that taxes should be related to the income and expenditure of the subject. He, however, cautioned the king against excessive taxation and stated that both extremes should be avoided namely either complete absence of taxes or exorbitant taxation. According to him, the king should arrange the collection of taxes in such a manner that the subjects do not feel the pinch of paying taxes. He laid down that traders and artisans should pay 1/5^th of their profits in silver and gold, while the agriculturists were to pay 1/6^th, 1/8^th and 1/10^th of their produce depending upon their circumstances. The detailed analysis given by Manu on the subject clearly shows the existence of a well-planned taxation system, even in ancient times.

 

Not only this, taxes were also levied on various classes of people like actors, dancers, singers and even dancing girls. Taxes were paid in the shape of gold-coins, cattle, grains, raw-materials and also by rendering personal service.

 

The learned author K.B.Sarkar commends the system of taxation in ancient India in his book "Public Finance in Ancient India", (1978 Edition) as follows:-

"Most of the taxes of Ancient India were highly productive. The admixture of direct taxes with indirect Taxes secured elasticity in the tax system, although more emphasis was laid on direct tax. The tax-structure was a broad based one and covered most people within its fold. The taxes were varied and the large variety of taxes reflected the life of a large and composit population".

 

However, it is Kautilya's Arthasastra, which deals with the system of taxation in a real elaborate and planned manner. This well known treatise on state crafts written sometime in 300 B.C., when the Mauryan Empire was as its glorious upwards move, is truly amazing, for its deep study of the civilisation of that time and the suggestions given which should guide a king in running the State in a most efficient and fruitful manner. A major portion of Arthasastra is devoted by Kautilya to financial matters including financial administration. According to famous statesman, the Mauryan system, so far as it applied to agriculture, was a sort of state landlordism and the collection of land revenue formed an important source of revenue to the State. The State not only collected a part of the agricultural produce which was normally one sixth but also levied water rates, octroi duties, tolls and customs duties. Taxes were also collected on forest produce as well as from mining of metals etc. Salt tax was an important source of revenue and it was collected at the place of its extraction.

 

Kautilya described in detail, the trade and commerce carried on with foreign countries and the active interest of the Mauryan Empire to promote such trade. Goods were imported from China, Ceylon and other countries and levy known as a vartanam was collected on all foreign commodities imported in the country. There was another levy called Dvarodaya which was paid by the concerned businessman for the import of foreign goods. In addition, ferry fees of all kinds were levied to augment the tax collection.

 

Collection of Income-tax was well organised and it constituted a major part of the revenue of the State. A big portion was collected in the form of income-tax from dancers, musicians, actors and dancing girls, etc. This taxation was not progressive but proportional to the fluctuating income. An excess Profits Tax was also collected. General Sales-tax was also levied on sales and the sale and the purchase of buildings was also subject to tax. Even gambling operations were centralised and tax was collected on these operations. A tax called yatravetana was levied on pilgrims. Though revenues were collected from all possible sources, the underlying philosophy was not to exploit or over-tax people but to provide them as well as to the State and the King, immunity from external and internal danger. The revenues collected in this manner were spent on social services such as laying of roads, setting up of educational institutions, setting up of new villages and such other activities beneficial to the community.

 

The reason why Kautilya gave so much importance to public finance and the taxation system in the Arthasastra is not far to seek. According to him, the power of the Government depended upon the strength of its treasury. He states – "From the treasury, comes the power of the government, and the Earth whose ornament is the treasury, is acquired by means of the Treasury and Army". However, he regarded revenue and taxes as the earning of the Sovereign for the services which were to be rendered by him to the people and to afford them protection and to maintain law and order. Kautilya emphasised that the King was only a trustee of the land and his duty was to protect it and to make it more and more productive so that land revenue could be collected as a principal source of income for the State. According to him, tax was not a compulsory contribution to be made by the subject to the State but the relationship was based on Dharma and it was the King's sacred duty to protect its citizens in view of the tax collected and if the King failed in his duty, the subject had a right to stop paying taxes, and even to demand refund of the taxes paid.

 

Kautilya has also described in great detail the system of tax administration in the Mauryan Empire. It is remarkable that the present day tax system is in many ways similar to the system of taxation in vogue about 2300 years ago. According to the Arthasastra, each tax was specific and there was no scope for arbitrariness. Precision determined the schedule of each payment, and its time, manner and quantity being all pre-determined. The land revenue was fixed at 1/6 share of the produce and import and export duties were determined on advalorem basis. The import duties on foreign goods were roughly 20 per cent of their value. Similarly, tolls, road cess, ferry charges and other levies were all fixed. Kautilya's concept of taxation is more or less akin to the modern system of taxation. His overall emphasis was on equity and justice in taxation. The affluent had to pay higher taxes as compared to the not so fortunate. People who were suffering from diseases or were minor and students were exempted from tax or given suitable remissions. The revenue collectors maintained up-to-date records of collection and exemptions. The total revenue of the State was collected from a large number of sources as enumerated above. There were also other sources like profits from Stand land (Sita) religious taxes (Bali) and taxes paid in cash (Kara). Vanikpath was the income from roads and traffic paid as tolls.

 

He placed land revenues and taxes on commerce under the head of tax revenues. These were fixed taxes and included half yearly taxes like Bhadra, Padika, and Vasantika. Custom duties and duties on sales, taxes on trade and professions and direct taxes comprised the taxes on commerce. The non-tax revenues consisted of produce of sown lands, profits accruing from the manufacture of oil, sugarcane and beverage by the State, and other transactions carried on by the State. Commodities utilised on marriage occasions, the articles needed for sacrificial ceremonies and special kinds of gifts were exempted from taxation. All kinds of liquor were subject to a toll of 5%. Tax evaders and other offenders were fined to the tune of 600 panas.

 

Kautilya also laid down that during war or emergencies like famine or floods, etc. the taxation system should be made more stringent and the king could also raise war loans. The land revenue could be raised from 1/6^th to 1/4^th during the emergencies. The people engaged in commerce were to pay big donations to war efforts.

Taking an overall view, it can be said without fear of contradiction that Kautilya's Arthasastra was the first authoritative text on public finance, administration and the fiscal laws in this country. His concept of tax revenue and the on-tax revenue was a unique contribution in the field of tax administration. It was he, who gave the tax revenues its due importance in the running of the State and its far-reaching contribution to the prosperity and stability of the Empire. It is truly a unique treatise. It lays down in precise terms the art of state craft including Economic and Financial administration.

T

​he above artic​

l

​e can be accessed on the site of INCOME TAX Department.

Visit: - ​

http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/history/pre-1922.asp

​Gangadharan Nair​

--

"Dharmam Saranam Gachhami"

​le can be seen on the site of Income Tax Department​

Gangadharan Nair N

Please visit: www.arthakranti.org

"Make Demanding or Accepting Bribe is Illegal a willful act of Crime, but Giving Bribe Exposing it, is Legal Birth Right of every citizen of INDIA"

We had a DREAM of Principled, Prosperous Peaceful INDIA are committed to fulfill that DREAM.

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[www.keralites.net] Khatte-mitten khabhrain from around the world for 6/7/13

 

At Wimbledon today: Women's final Lisicki vs Bartoli

Never since the late 1980s when the decade-long reigning queen, Martina Navratoliva met the golden maned Stefi Graff have I looked forward to a Wimbledon women's final. By then, the manly Martina had become boring with her routine wins. Steffi put her out in their first encounter 1989 with her fearsome forehands. I remember I had gone to Matunga to attend my cousin's wedding that Saturday and watched the final in bits and starts at a nearby electronic shop.

I lost interest in women's tennis as a whole as they were nowhere near as competitive or pulsating as the men's section. And with Serena pulverizing everyone – there being no depth of talent in women's tennis – I never watched women's tennis for a long, long time.

But today I am going to because Lisicki, coincidentally another German girl, is a Bazooka-hitter in the Del Porto mould and it would be exciting to watch her play. The problem with power hitters is many of their shots turn unforced errors as it had happened in her semi-final against Radwanska who I had felt sorry for as she played some unbelievable tennis – her hitting t shots bending her knees almost in a sitting position is classic and memorable.

Bartoli is a one-time French champ a few years ago, kinda one-title wonder. But if things go by the scrip and current form, I bet on Lisicki to lift the trophy.

And of course, the German gal has a nice pair of butt, don't accuse me of being sexist… am only making a statement of a fact…

**

News of the day…

Prez. promulgates ordinance on Food Security bill..

Me has a foreboding feeling – the middle-class, fasting reducing to be a miniscule number – who are not entitled to subsidized food will be the hardest hit.

See, in an effort to supply the humungus amount of foodgrains to feed the garguntan PDS system across the country, the government would go all out to mop up the items from the food surplus states of Punjab and Haryana, and then there is going to be a mad scramble among the wholesale trade from all over India to lay their hands on whatever quantity is available regardless of the asking price. Already the middle-class is groaning under heavy inflation – 300-400% in just 3 or 4 years – examples are those of sugar that sold for Rs.7 or 8 a kilo then, now cost Rs.40, and pulses that would cost Rs.18-20 is over Rs.80 kilo, so also all the vegetables that are sold at Rs.60 in Mumbai!

And to cap it all, the huge subsidy to the poor has to be met by the tax-paying middle-class and the affluent.

Clearly, the government is myopic and itself lack a pan-India perspective cutting across all strata of the society. All that it is interested in are the votes from the poor to stay on in power so that the ministers and their thousands of minions can prosper.

**

Mindchow

A pure hand needs no glove to cover it.

**

Line Maro

Is your dad a terrorist? Coz. you are a bomb!

(Me: yep.. ready to explode you into smithereens..)

**

From the world of science…

If you have had an acne breakout, avoid wearing foundation, powder, or bluish. If you do, wash it off at the end of the day.

**

To protect your knees while doing lunges, ensure you don't bend your leg beyond a 90-degree angle.

(Me: dont hit the squatting level.._)

**

What are functional foods?

Functional foods are those foods that have been scientifically proven to promote health and prevent disease beyond the other intrinsic nutrients that those foods supply.

The pomegranate is a functional food. It promotes the release of nitric oxide which relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.

**

Tongue very much in cheek, yet very thoughtful quote…

The elderly are all someone's flesh and blood and we cannot just shut them in a cupboard and hand over the responsibility for taking care of them to the state" – Simon Callow.

**

Couples begin to 'lack passion' after one year: a new study reports. Relationships start to lose their spark after just one year.

(Me: not that we already didn't it; as a Tamil maxim in South India goes, "affection remains for 60 days while lust lasts just 30 days" – into marriage.

**

Weird world…

Baby born while mom fought for life after car crash..

Wei Liu was eight months pregnant when she suffered serious injuries in a car crash. She was left with a catalogue of devastating injuries, including a severed artery above her heart, fractured ribs which had pierced her liver and a shattered pelvis. The 30-year-old didn't know she had given birth until she woke up three days after the accident – and reached for her bump to find her baby had been born.

**

Taco Bell customers get cash instead of food…

Grand Rapids: There was no burrito. Three people who ordered food at a Taco Bell drive-thru in western Michigan, US, got some more valuable: $3,600. A Taco Bell employee mistakenly passed the cash to the trio instead of their food last week. The money was returned a short time later.

**

**

Billionaire's lover jailed for fake will..

Hong Kong: The former lover and fortune teller of quirky billionaire Nina Wang was sentenced Friday to 12 years in prison after a Hong Kong court found him guilty of forging a will to claim her multibillion-dollar estate. After Wang's death in 2007, Peter Chan, formerly known as Tony Chan, claimed he was the sole beneficiary of her estate. The case of the eccentric billionaire widow and her alleged geomancer lower transfixed Hong Kong.

(Me: His fortune-telling abilities didn't tell him he would be caught… haha)

**

Actress and former Miss World, Yukata Mookhey's husband booked for dowry harassment, unnatural sex.

The former Miss World has told Amboli (In Mumbai) police that she was being verbally and physically abused by husband Prince Tulli for quite a few years.

(Me: Sooo sad to hear the story; if this can happen to a liberated former Miss Queen of the World who walked the romp and answered liberal questions from a panel of judges, think of the fate of the far, far less fortunate women in India)

**

How Global Investors view India vs. China..

"Investors don't mind unfavourable policy as much as opaque or unreliable policy. In China, they pay, but the job gets done and in India, it doesn't. That's one key difference between corruption in India and China" – a TOI report by Srivatsa Krishna.

**

A man went to the Police Station wishing to speak with the burglar who had broken into his house the night before.

"You'll get your chance in court," said the Desk Sergeant.

"No, no, no!" said the man. "I want to know how he got into the house without waking my wife. I've been trying to do that for years!"

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